Effects of Technical Innovation on Rural Employment in Agriculture sector in district Vehari-Pakistan

This study employed a holistic approach to evaluate the impacts of technological change in agriculture, specifically, on productivity, employment, gender equity, income, poverty level, regional development and aggregate crop production. Economic theories are used as the basic tools of analysis and hypotheses are empirically tested using quantitative as well as qualitative techniques. At the local level, although modern agricultural technology significantly increased employment, input demand, prices and crop incomes, the gain from employment remained skewed in favor of men and income in favor of large and medium farmers. Also, significantly lower nominal wage is paid to female labor but real wage rate is significant in tunnel farming, if hired, indicating further discrimination against women. Land and other resource owners are the highest beneficiaries of technological change. Production of modern varieties alone contributes 35% to total income inequality, thereby, indicating adverse effect of modern technology on income distribution. We found that the situation is not the same in tunnel farming. Real Wage rate is very high in this type of farming. The farmers of tunnel provide some other facilities like transport, vegetables, fruit and advance payment to workers. Employment rate is almost